Key minerals such as copper, nickel, rare earths and lithium are on the brink of an unprecedented demand surge, projected to nearly triple by 2030 and quadruple by 2040, according to accounting firm BDO’s ‘Annual Mining Report 2025’.

The report, published on February 3, offers a comprehensive overview of the significant transformations occurring within the mining sector, spurred by the rapid energy transition and burgeoning demand for minerals critical to renewable technologies.

According to the report, the expected growth in key minerals demand is largely driven by their crucial roles in renewable-energy technologies, including electric vehicles and solar panels.

In addition to the surge in demand for critical minerals, the report shows that the mining sector is witnessing a technological revolution through advancements in robotics, automation, and AI. These technologies are pivotal in enhancing safety measures across operations, increasing mining throughput and significantly reducing environmental emissions.

Africa is also undergoing significant shifts as it strategically pivots from fossil fuels to critical minerals, spurred by global energy transition trends.

The report notes how initiatives such as the African Green Minerals Strategy are being implemented to foster the development of these essential minerals while addressing energy deficits through national strategies.

Further, Africa's production of metal and non-metallic ores is projected to grow, with countries such as Zambia and South Africa launching national critical mineral strategies to capitalise on this shift.

The report notes that, despite notable progress, mining remains one of the most hazardous industries, yet draws attention to the adoption of advanced technologies such as drones for hazard identification and AI-powered monitoring systems that enhance safety protocols.

However, the report acknowledges that challenges such as illegal mining and psychosocial issues persist, necessitating robust governance and a committed focus on cultivating a culture of safety.

Another critical issue plaguing the mining industry, according to the report, is a lack of talent. The report highlights a pressing need to attract younger generations and address skills shortages.

That said, however, the report acknowledges that mining companies are increasingly focusing on strategic workforce planning, enhancing employee value propositions, and promoting diversity and inclusion to build a more reliable future workforce.

The BDO report also notes that 31% of industry players prioritise strong community relations and sustainable mining practices.

It points out that the industry's commitment to decarbonisation, community investment, and workforce development is vital for its long-term success, and that by embracing innovation and prioritising environmental, social and governance, the mining sector could be poised to support economic growth and contribute to a sustainable future.

“The BDO 'Annual Mining Report 2025' underscores the transformative journey of the mining industry. By strategically balancing the supply of critical minerals with affordability and sustainability, the sector is positioning itself at the crossroads of economic growth and environmental stewardship,” BDO UK natural resources and energy head Matt Crane said on February 3.