Coal producer and exporter Thungela on February 23 launched a fish breeding facility at the Loskop Dam Nature Reserve, in Mpumalanga.

The facility was pursued in congruence with efforts to restore aquatic life in the Wilge Olifants river catchment following the uncontrolled release of mine-affected water from the South shaft at the Khwezela colliery’s Komdraai site on February 14, 2022, which investigations have since attributed to illegal mining activities.

Preliminary investigations showed that a concrete seal, built at the shaft, which was last used in 1966, in 2019, had failed. This caused the spread of a pollution plume that passed through the Wilge and Olifants rivers, eventually reaching the Loskop dam inlet and affecting an estimated 60 km of the river ecosystem, and completely decimating the entire fish population, as well as severely impacting on plants and microorganisms.  

Further investigations showed the contribution of illegal mining activities to the event. It was indicated that damage to infrastructure, combined with theft of essential water treatment equipment, was the primary cause of the incident. 

Speaking at the launch, Thungela CEO July Ndlovu explained that the company took responsibility for the incident and committed to rehabilitating the area impacted by the overflow back to a condition that exceeded that prior to the event, as well as to minimising the chance of another incident occurring in the future.

As such, Thungela made a R1.8-million capital investment in the fish breeding facility and has committed a further R1.5-million to long-term monitoring of the rehabilitation process, as well as over R5-million to address illegal mining.

Thungela worked closely with the Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency (MTPA), the Department of Water and Sanitation and aquatic scientists in the country to execute the rehabilitation plan.

One of the activities in this plan was to expedite the recovery of the fish population, restoring biodiversity in the affected area.

The water quality has now been ascertained to have returned to pre-incident levels, and a resurgence in macro invertebrate activity has been observed, Therefore, Thungela has determined that the fish can start being released into the area, to begin replenishing the stocks.

Two batches of fish – 100 in total – were released on February 23. This followed the recent release of about 600 fish.

The indoor breeding facility mimics the environment’s condition and has the capacity to breed several types of fish, housing 27 glass aquaria of varying sizes and six biofilters, each with individual temperature controls and filtration systems.

An external aquarium setup houses larger species ready for reintroduction. It includes three tanks equipped with comprehensive life support systems capable of sustaining up to 700 kg of fish. 

The facility has been specifically designed to breed fish with optimal genetic quality sourced from local waters to expedite the ecological recovery process.

The facility is located close to the affected area, and the fish will be bred and released on a continuing basis, with ongoing monitoring. The facility will be handed over to the MTPA once the river system conditions are back to pre-incident levels, and it will assume responsibility for its operation.

It was indicated that it could take anywhere from five to ten years for this to materialise.

MTPA deputy chairperson Salome Sithole lauded this “sustainable” initiative and averred that rehabilitation of the area as whole would benefit the surrounding communities, who were impacted by the environmental repercussions of the spill, with the fish breeding facility benefitting tourism and activities such as fishing.  

Thungela has also partnered with universities and other stakeholders to bolster research and work being done at the facility.